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熔断器主要分类

2013-12-26 8:24:54      点击:

熔断器根据使用电压可分为高压熔断器和低压熔断器。
根据保护对象可分为保护变压器用和一般电气设备用的熔断器、保护电压互感器的熔断器、保护电力电容器的熔断器、保护半导体元件的熔断器、保护电动机的熔断器和保护家用电器的熔断器等。根据结构可分为敞开式、半封闭式、管式和喷射式熔断器。
敞开式熔断器结构简单,熔体完全暴露于空气中,由瓷柱作支撑,没有支座,适于低压户外使用。分断电流时在大气中产生较大的声光。
半封闭式熔断器的熔体装在瓷架上,插入两端带有金属插座的瓷盒中,适于低压户内使用。分断电流时,所产生的声光被瓷盒挡住。
管式熔断器的熔体装在熔断体内。然后插在支座或直接连在电路上使用。熔断体是两端套有金属帽或带有触刀的完全密封的绝缘管。这种熔断器的绝缘管内若充以石英砂,则分断电流时具有限流作用,可大大提高分断能力,故又称作高分断能力熔断器。若管内抽真空,则称作真空熔断器。若管内充以SF6气体,则称作SF6熔断器,其目的是改善灭弧性能。由于石英砂,真空和SF6气体均具有较好的绝缘性能,故这种熔断器不但适用于低压也适用于高压。
喷射式熔断器是将熔体装在由固体产气材料制成的绝缘管内。

固体产气材料可采用电工反白纸板或有机玻璃材料等。当短路电流通过熔体时,熔体随即熔断产生电弧,高温电弧使固体产气材料迅速分解产生大量高压气体,从而将电离的气体带电弧在管子两端喷出,发出极大的声光,并在交流电流过零时熄灭电弧而分断电流。绝缘管通常是装在一个绝缘支架上,组成熔断器整体。有时绝缘管上端做成可活动式,在分断电流后随即脱开而跌落,此种喷射式熔断器俗称跌落熔断器。一般适用于电压高于6千伏的户外场合。
此外,熔断器根据分断电流范围还可分为一般用途熔断器,后备熔断器和全范围熔断器。一般用途熔断器的分断电流范围指从过载电流大于额定电流1.6~2倍起,到最大分断电流的范围。这种熔断器主要用于保护电力变压器和一般电气设备。后备熔断器的分断电流范围指从过载电流大于额定电流4~7倍起至最大分断电流的范围。这种熔断器常与接触器串联使用,在过载电流小于额定电流4~7倍的范围时,由接触器来实现分断保护。主要用于保护电动机。
随着工业发展的需要,还制造出适于各种不同要求的特殊熔断器,如电子熔断器、热熔断器和自复熔断器等。